Water transport is the cheapest and most effective traffic route of any country and the biggest thing is that water transport does not require the construction of transport routes. Water transport requires only means of transport, though this system is very ancient, so let us know the important facts about water transport in India.
Water Transport in India
The geographical area of India is 328590 sq km. There are many small big rivers in India but the basin of major 13 rivers * is more than 20000 sq km. The length of India’s coastline is 7500 km and the total length of inland waterways is 14500 km. Despite the length, only 1 percent of the water transport is included in the total transport of India whereas the share of Indian rail transport and road transport has increased to 90 percent –
River Basin The entire area where the water flows through a river and its tributaries. The country’s waterways are divided into two parts –
- Internal waterway
- Ocean waterway
Internal waterway
India was established in 1987 with the establishment of the Central Inland Waterways Authority. Its headquarters are located in Kolkata. As of 2015 there were a total of 5 national waterways in the country –
- National Waterway No.1 – Allahabad-Haldia Division (1620 km)
- National Waterway No. 2 – Saadia-Dhabri Area of Brahmaputra River (891 km)
- National Waterway No. 3 – West Coast Canal Kollam-Kottapuram area along the Champakara and Udyog Mandal Canals (205 km)
- National Waterway No. 4 – Wazirabad-Vijayawada section (Krishna river) and Bhadrachalam-Rajamundari section (Godavari river) as well as Kakinada-Puducherry (Kaluveli tank) (1095 km)
- National Waterway No. 5 – Talcher-Dhamra Block (Brahmani River), Jionkhali-Charabatia Block East Coast Canal), Charabatia-Dhamra Section (Matai River) and Mangalagarhi-Paradip Block (Mahanadi Delta) (623 km)
The government has made a provision of Rs 800 crore for the development of water transport in 2016-17. After the approval of 106 new national waterways in Parliament, now there are 111 national waterways in the country. List of newly announced National Waterways – All these National Waterways will be made in 3 phases.
- Yamuna Kaveri Krishna Tungabhadra and Barak
- Gandak Gomti Ghaghra Kosi and Son
- Mandvi gambler Mahi Narmada and Sabarmati
- Tapi Luni and Indira Gandhi Canal
- Beas Sutlej Indus and Jhelum
- Subarnarekha Ghataprabha and Netravati
- Chambal Karmnasa Tons, Asi and Varuna
- Ajoy, Damodar and Sundarbans
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Ocean waterway
95% of India’s total international trade is by sea route, the entire peninsular coastal part of India plays a very important role for the maritime waterway. The total length of India’s coastline is 7500 km. There are 13 big and 200 small ports situated here. Ports refer to the coastline where the transport of water vessels and boats is handled, it is mostly used for commercial purposes, mostly in shallow water, large ports come under the central government and small ports under the state governments.
India’s largest natural harbor is located in Mumbai. The port of Mumbai is called the gateway to India. Apart from this, the Haldia port of Kolkata is called the eastern gateway of Indian maritime trade. Visakhapatnam port is the deepest port in India.
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